Mobile/hand phones are powerful
communication devices, first demonstrated by Motorola in 1973, and made
commercially available from 1984.[1]
In the last few years, hand phones have become an integral part of our lives.
The number of mobile cellular subscriptions is constantly increasing every
year. In 2016, there were more than seven billion users worldwide. The
percentage of internet usage also increased globally 7-fold from 6.5% to 43%
between 2000 and 2015. The percentage of households with internet access also
increased from 18% in 2005 to 46% in 2015.[2]
Parlay, the addiction behavior to mobile phone is also increasing. In 2012, new
Time Mobility Poll reported that 84% people “couldn't go a single day without
their mobile devices.”[3]
Around 206 published survey reports suggest that 50% of teens and 27% of
parents feel that they are addicted to mobiles.[4]
The recent studies also reported the increase of mobile phone dependence, and
this could increase internet addiction.[5]
Overusage of mobile phones may cause psychological illness such as dry eyes,
computer vision syndrome, weakness of thumb and wrist, neck pain and rigidity,
increased frequency of De Quervain's tenosynovitis, tactile hallucinations,
nomophobia, insecurity, delusions, auditory sleep disturbances, insomnia,
hallucinations, lower self-confidence, and mobile phone addiction disorders.[6] In animals, chronic exposure to Wi-Fi
radiation caused behavioral alterations, liver enzyme impairment, pyknotic
nucleus, and apoptosis in brain cortex.[7]
Kesari et al. concluded that the mobile phone radiation may
increase the reactive oxygen species, which plays an important role in the
development of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.[8]
In recent years, most
of the global populations (especially college and university students), use
smartphones, due to its wide range of applications. While beneficial in
numerous ways, smartphones have disadvantages such as reduction in work
efficacy, personal attention social nuisance, and psychological addiction.
Currently, the addiction to smartphones among students is 24.8%–27.8%, and it
is progressively increasing every year.[9]
Mobile phone is becoming an integral part to students with regard to managing
critical situations and maintaining social relationships.[10] This behavior may reduce thinking
capabilities, affect cognitive functions, and induce dependency. The signs of
smartphone addiction are constantly checking the phone for no reason, feeling
anxious or restless without the phone, waking up in the middle of night to
check the mobile and communication updates, delay in professional performance
as a result of prolonged phone activities, and distracted with smartphone
applications.[11]
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